Benthic Ecosystems
And Environmental Change
We study the structure and functioning of coastal marine ecosystems across a range of spatial and temporal scales, to better understand how marine life is responding to rapid environmental change. We adopt a range of approaches – including field surveys, laboratory experiments and molecular techniques – to investigate ecological patterns and the mechanistic processes driving them.
Our research focusses on vital coastal habitats such as kelp forests and seagrass meadows and the effects of contemporary stressors, including ocean warming, marine heatwaves, invasive species and coastal water quality. We work across local to global scales to inform approaches to management, conservation and adaptation.
Our Research Impacts
Marine Heatwaves
Research by our group and our international collaborators has highlighted the importance of extreme warming events – or ‘marine heatwaves’ – in driving ecosystem changes. The definition we proposed has been widely adopted by academic and policy communities, including the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and our impact studies have informed management and conservation activities.
Our applied research, in collaboration with small aquaculture companies, has developed and tested new approaches to seaweed farming, and has examined the ecological and societal benefits of kelp farming in the UK. This work has facilitated the growth of the emerging industry while ensuring sustainability standards are maintained.
Key Publications
Latest Projects
Green Gravel Action Group
We are involved in the Green Gravel Action Group that aims to develop tools for kelp restoration.
Marine Heatwaves International Working Group
Dr Dan Smale co-leads an international working group on marine heatwaves.
Latest News
Our Team
Dr Dan Smale
Senior Research Fellow
Dr Dan Smale
Senior Research Fellow
I am a community ecologist with a particular focus on how global environmental change is influencing the biodiversity, structure and functioning of marine ecosystems. I have worked extensively on kelp forest ecosystems across Europe, Australia and South America, and used a combination of field observations and manipulative experiments to better understand processes that shape them. My research has demonstrated (i) the importance of kelps as habitat-forming species and determinants of local biodiversity, (ii) the responses of kelp forest communities to both long-term gradual climate change and extreme climatic events, and (iii) patterns and drivers of kelp forest structure and productivity. I have also led recent advances in characterising physical properties and ecological impacts of short-term extreme warming events (i.e. ‘marine heatwaves’), which are emerging as important drivers of marine ecosystem change and are likely to intensity with anthropogenic climate change. Recently, I have collaborated with industry and government partners to conduct applied research to support the emerging seaweed industry. I am a UKRI Future Leaders Fellow and lead a vibrant and productive research group at the MBA.
Research Group: Benthic Ecosystems and Environmental Change
Fraser Brough BSc, MRes
Research Assistant
Fraser Brough BSc, MRes
Research Assistant
frabro@mba.ac.uk
My role as a research assistant within Dr Dan Smale’s group involves supporting the science through assisting with scientific diving operations, rocky shore surveys and laboratory processing of benthic marine samples. I graduated from the University of Plymouth with an MRes in Applied Marine Science where my project focused on the impact of Artificial Light at Night on the larval development of benthic marine organisms. All aspects of the ocean fascinate me and maintaining my 200L reef tank is one of my favourite hobbies that allows me to enjoy watching coral and fish at home
Maxine Canvin BSc, MRes.
PHD Student
Maxine Canvin BSc, MRes.
PHD Student
maxcan@mba.ac.uk
I am a PhD student funded by WWF, working with Prof. Pippa Moore (Newcastle University) and Dr. Dan Smale (MBA). The project aims to quantify the contribution of kelp farming to Blue Carbon ecosystem services. This will involve determining rates of particulate and dissolved organic carbon loss and quantifying kelp-derived carbon in sediments in and around kelp farms. A variety of techniques will be applied, including lead dating, stable isotope analysis and eDNA, as well as closely working together with kelp farms in the UK to develop protocols for cost-effectively monitoring carbon sequestration. Previously, I studied BSc Marine and Freshwater Biology at Aberystwyth University, completing my dissertation on the effect of ecologically realistic marine heatwaves on kelp and kelp associated species under the supervision of Prof. Pippa Moore. Following this, I graduated from the MRes Marine Biology programme at Plymouth University. Here, supervised by Dr. Antony Knights, I characterised dispersal of kelp species associated with the UK to better understand patterns connectivity using a particle-tracking model.
Sophie Corrigan
PhD Student
Sophie Corrigan
PhD Student
I am a PhD student at the University of Exeter, the Marine Biological Association and Cefas. My research focuses on evaluating and maximising the environmental benefits of seaweed farming in the Southwest, particularly in terms of quantifying the habitat value and biodiversity supported by seaweed farms. I investigate everything from the small epibionts colonising the farms, to benthic infauna and mobile fish populations of potential conservation and commercial importance. The aim of this work is to inform the regulation and development of ecosystem-based approaches to aid in the expansion of seaweed cultivation around the UK. Previously, I studied MSci Marine Biology at the University of Exeter, where I worked on diverse research projects from the effects of clutch relocation on loggerhead sea turtles, to the development of a low-cost in situ method to quantify estuarine-air carbon dioxide fluxes. After graduating, I worked as a research assistant on the Atlantic Meridional Transect Ocean Flux from Satellite Campaign (AMT4OceanSatFlux) funded by the European Space Agency. This project estimated Atlantic Ocean carbon dioxide exchange using satellite and in situ data to enhance monitoring and validate current predictions of the ocean carbon sink. Outside of academia, I am passionate about science communication and wildlife filmmaking.
Tayla Leathers BSc
Research Technician
Tayla Leathers BSc
Research Technician
taylea@mba.ac.uk
I am a Research Technician in Dr Dan Smale’s group, focusing mainly on marine heatwave experiments. I also help other projects within the Smale group in regards to fieldwork and data collection. I have received a BSc in Biology from the University of Kent, where my project focused on plant viruses and susceptibility. I have recently completed my MRes Marine Biology course at the University of Plymouth, in which I conducted mesocosm experiments to look marine heatwave characteristics and the impact they have on different species of kelp common in Plymouth. I am also interested in the thermotolerance of kelp species, and how different stressors will impact this threshold. |
Jasmine Ramshaw
PhD Student
Jasmine Ramshaw
PhD Student
jasram@mba.ac.uk
Nora Salland
PhD Student
Nora Salland
PhD Student
I am a marine ecologist and postgraduate researcher in Dr Dan Smale’s group (BEECH – Benthic Ecosystems and Environmental Change). I have a keen interest in kelp forest community structure and the ecosystem services it provides. My research is focused on the effects of climate change stressors (especially ocean warming) on foundation species such as kelps, their associated flora and fauna community, and shifts of species distributions in the NE Atlantic. I will explore resulting physiological responses of kelp to changing conditions on both individuals and population based levels, as well as the impacts on the entire ecosystems. Before starting my PhD in Plymouth in 2019 (enrolled at the University of Southampton, INSPIRE DTP), I studied Biological Sciences (BSc) and Marine Biology (MSc) at the University of Rostock in Germany at the Baltic Sea. I have work experience in Canada, New Zealand and Chile as well as on board of scientific vessels.
Dr Katie Smith
Postdoctoral Research Assistant
Dr Katie Smith
Postdoctoral Research Assistant
I’m a marine ecologist and my research focuses on understanding how marine communities can adapt to survive in a changing world. I currently work as a Postdoctoral Research Assistant in the Benthic Ecosystems and Environmental Change group supervised by Dr Dan Smale. My current research focuses on improving our understanding of the ecological and socioeconomic impacts of marine heatwaves in global coastal ecosystems.
Over the past >10 years I have worked extensively on examining the impacts of climate change and other environmental stressors on marine species both in the field and in the laboratory. Through past and current projects, I have studied both coastal and offshore environments covering tropical to polar regions.
Cat Wilding, BSc, MRes
Senior Research Assistant
Cat Wilding, BSc, MRes
Senior Research Assistant
I’m a marine ecologist with 6 years’ of research experience in seaweed cultivation, ecology, and restoration, and >15 years’ working with a broader marine research and conservation remit. Through my current role as Senior Research Assistant in the Benthic Ecosystems and Environmental Change group supervised by Dr Dan Smale. I support a dynamic research group of 12 scientists though work as a scientific diver, commercially endorsed skipper, on the rocky shore and in the lab. I have a keen interest in applied research outcomes and enjoy working closely with industry partners. My research focusses optimising seaweed farming in the UK, quantifying the ecosystem services (e.g. habitat provision and CO2 draw down) provided by seaweed farms, and exploring feasibility of kelp forest restoration in a UK context.
I hold a Master’s in Research degree in Marine Biology, and have previously worked for Cornwall Wildlife Trust and the National Lobster Hatchery. I’m passionate about marine conservation, sustainable resource management, and improved marine stewardship. I aim to contribute towards these goals by translating research outcomes into commercial outputs, and showcasing how fascinating and important marine ecosystems are.